Deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly known as DNA, contains the genetic instructions that make each living organism unique. DNA is made up of four chemical bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine - that bond together in a double helix structure. For decades, researchers relied on extracting DNA from existing organisms to study and manipulat
Pyraclostrobin: An Important Fungicide for Modern Agriculture
Signum is a broad-spectrum fungicide belonging to the group known as strobilurins. These fungicides work by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in fungal cells. Specifically, Signum targets complex III in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, preventing the transfer of electrons from bc1 complexes to cytochrome c. This blockade disrupts ATP